Field tools for technicians.
Quick answers for site work: how many watts your PoE switch needs, how to wire a magnetic lock, the default IP of common brands, cable colours and the tools to bring. Works on your phone.
PoE budget calculator
Enter how many of each device run on the switch. Typical power is filled in; change it to the value on the datasheet for an exact result.
| Device | Qty | Watts each | PoE type |
|---|
Includes 20% spare.
Lock wiring: NO / NC / COM
The most common mistake on site. A magnetic lock needs power to stay locked, so it goes on NC. An electric strike needs power to open, so it goes on NO.
Magnetic lock (fail-safe) + exit button + break glass
| From | To | Why |
|---|---|---|
| PSU +12V | Reader +12V and Reader COM | Powers the reader and feeds the lock relay |
| Reader NC | Break glass COM → Break glass NC → Maglock + | Power flows to the lock until the relay opens or the glass is broken |
| Maglock − | PSU GND | Return path |
| Exit button NO / COM | Reader PUSH / GND | Pressing the button tells the reader to release the door |
| Fire alarm relay (NC) | In series with Maglock +, like the break glass | All doors release on fire alarm |
Fail-safe: locked while powered, opens when power is cut. Required on escape routes.
Fail-secure: stays locked without power, opens when the relay closes. Check the local fire rules first.
Fit a diode (1N4007) across the lock, stripe to +, unless the lock has one built in. Use a separate PSU output for the lock if it draws more than the reader relay rating.
Default IPs & setup tools
Factory defaults to find a new device on the network. Newer firmware often uses DHCP and asks you to create a password on first login. Always set a strong password and change defaults.
| Brand / device | Default IP | First login | Find / set up with |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hikvision cameras & NVR | 192.168.1.64 | User admin; create the password when activating | SADP, iVMS-4200, Hik-Connect app |
| Dahua cameras & NVR | 192.168.1.108 | User admin; set the password on first login | ConfigTool, SmartPSS, DMSS app |
| Uniview cameras & NVR | 192.168.1.13 | admin / 123456 on older firmware; newer asks for a new password | EZTools, EZView app |
| ZKTeco access / attendance terminals | 192.168.1.201 | Set in the device menu (Comm key 0) | ZKBio Access / ZKBio Time |
| Axis cameras | DHCP, else 192.168.0.90 | root; set the password on first login | AXIS IP Utility |
| TP-Link Omada access points | DHCP, else 192.168.0.254 | admin / admin, then forced change | Omada app / controller |
| TP-Link Omada router (ER605) | 192.168.0.1 | Create admin on first login | Web page, Omada controller |
| EZVIZ Wi-Fi cameras | DHCP | Verification code on the device label | EZVIZ app |
Tip: set your laptop to an IP in the same range (for example 192.168.1.10 / 255.255.255.0) to reach a device on its default address.
RJ45 colours & Wiegand
Use the same standard at both ends (T568B is the usual choice in the UAE). Max Ethernet / PoE run: 100 m.
T568B
T568A
| Wiegand wire | Usual colour | Goes to |
|---|---|---|
| +12V | Red | Controller 12V out |
| GND | Black | Controller GND (must be shared) |
| D0 / DATA0 | Green | Controller W0 / D0 |
| D1 / DATA1 | White | Controller W1 / D1 |
| LED / Beep | Brown / Yellow (varies) | Check the reader manual |
Distance guide
| Ethernet / PoE (Cat6) | 100 m |
| Wiegand (shielded) | about 100 m |
| RS-485 (twisted pair) | up to 1,200 m |
| 12V lock power, 0.75 mm² | keep under 30 m |
Longer runs: use a PoE extender, fibre, or put the power supply near the door.
Tools checklist
Tick items as you pack the van. Your ticks stay on this phone.
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